|
Harvard College is one of two schools within Harvard University granting undergraduate degrees (the other being Harvard Extension School). Founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world.〔 〕 ==History== (詳細はGreat and General Court (colonial legislature, second oldest in British America) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony—though without a single building, instructor, or student. In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship ''John of London''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/03/harvard’s-first-impressions/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/mhsc/FarHorizons/Documents/EzekielRogers.pdf )〕 Three years later the college was renamed in honor of deceased Charlestown minister John Harvard (1607–1638) who had bequeathed to the school his entire library and half of his monetary estate. Harvard's first instructor, schoolmaster Nathaniel Eaton (1610–1674), was also its first instructor to be dismissed—in 1639, for overstrict discipline.〔Samuel Eliot Morison, ''Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936'' (1986)〕 The school's first students were graduated in 1642. In 1665, Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck, (c. 1643-1666), a native/indigenous American, "from the Wampanoag ... did graduate from Harvard, the first Indian to do so in the colonial period."〔Monaghan, E. J., 2005, p. 55, 59〕 At the time of Harvard's founding (as today) the ''"colleges"'' of England's Oxford and Cambridge Universities were communities within the larger university, each an association of scholars (both established and aspiring) sharing room and board; Harvard's founders may have envisioned it as the first in a series of sibling colleges which, on the English model, would eventually constitute a university. Though no further "colleges" materialized in colonial times, nonetheless as Harvard began granting higher degrees in the late eighteenth century it was increasingly styled Harvard ''University''—even as Harvard ''College'' (in keeping with emerging American usage of that word) was increasingly thought of as the university's undergraduate division in particular. Though the Indian College was active from 1640 to no later than 1693, it was a minor addition not operated in federation with Harvard according to the English model. Today Harvard College is responsible for undergraduate admissions, advising, housing, student life, and athletics – generally all undergraduate matters except instruction, which is the purview of Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The body known as ''The President and Fellows of Harvard College'' retains its traditional name despite having governance of the entire University. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harvard College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|